ပညာရပ်ဆိုင်ရာများ

Abstract

In a study to investigate different rates of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) application on growth, yield and fiber quality of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), var. Ngwechi-9 and to evaluate the nutrient interactions of N and K in cotton in Pyawbwe Township, Myanmar, two experiments were conducted the first one in pre-monsoon season and the second one in post-monsoon seasons (2015-2016). Four N fertilizer rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha−1) and three K fertilizer rates (0, 62.25, and 124.50 kg K ha−1) were set as factor A and B, respectively, using randomized complete block design in two-factor factorial arrangement with three replications. In both seasons plant height, yield and yield components were the highest at 180 kg N ha−1. Potassium fertilizer application of 124.50 kg K ha−1 produced the highest seed cotton yield and improved fiber quality. The interaction of N × K application was observed in the number of bolls plant−1, boll weight plant−1 and yield. Maximum seed cotton yields were obtained from the treatments combining of 180 kg N ha−1 and 124.50 kg K ha−1 in both seasons. By the application of K fertilizer at 124.50 kg K ha−1, the fiber quality parameters, such as fiber length, fiber strength, fiber fineness and maturity ratio were the best in both seasons. This study suggested that application of K fertilizer at 124.50 kg K ha−1 in combination with 180 kg N ha−1 was the best in seed cotton production and its fiber quality for both seasons.

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer quality in local markets and factors influencing its quality control were assessed in Pyinmana, Tatkone and Taungoo townships of Central Myanmar. This study found that N-based commercial fertilizers in local markets are generally adequate, as only 6% of total inspected fertilizers, primarily nitrogenphosphorus-potassium (NPK) compound fertilizers, were deficient in N content. All urea, ammonium sulfate (AS) and diammonium phosphate (DAP) samples contained the required levels of N. There was excellent agreement between the Yangon laboratory and the University of Melbourne laboratory for N fertilizer analysis. According to a survey of fertilizer inspectors and dealers the main factors influencing the quality of fertilizers were weak control of fertilizer imports at borders, insufficient and under resourced fertilizer inspectors, delays in providing up to date information on fertilizer products, limited knowledge of fertilizer dealers, and slow turnaround times from analytical laboratories.

Abstract

One of the major constraints to the adoption of hybrid rice technology is the unavailability of quality seeds. Among the different factors affecting the success of seed production, obtaining proper synchronization of flowering of the parental lines of hybrid rice is the most important factor. Two times of pot experiments were conducted at Department of Agricultural Chemistry in Yezin Agricultural University to study the flowering response of parental lines of hybrid rice to the application of potassium fertilizer and to observe the optimum potassium fertilizer rate for parental lines to adjust the flowering. It was laid out as factorial arrangement in completely randomized design with three replications. Factor A was parental lines such as Long 4, Long 6 and Long 8 for both seed parents (A lines) and pollen parents (R lines) and factor B was potassium fertilizer rates. The used fertilizer rate for A and R lines were 0, 30, 40, 50 kg KCl ha1 and 0, 10, 20, 30 kg KCl ha-1 respectively. Potassium fertilizer was applied before III stage of panicle initiation (differentiation of the secondary branch primordia and spikelet primordia). Days to initial heading (5% flowering) is more reliable parameter than days to 50% flowering which become more subjective. The flowering response of parental lines was not statistically different but it was numerically different by potassium fertilizer application before III stage of panicle initiation in both seasons. For initial heading (5% flowering) of A lines, Long 4 variety with 50 kg KCL ha-1 flowered 1-3 days earlier than those of other treatments; Long 6 and Long 8 variety with 40 kg KCl ha-1 bloomed 2-5 days earlier than those of other treatments. For initial heading of R lines, Long 4 with 30 kg KCl ha-1 flowered earlier 2 -5 days; Long 6 and Long 8 variety with 30 kg KCl ha-1 flowered 1-3 days earlier than those of other treatments. Based on the findings, 40 kg KCl ha-1 for Long 6 A and Long 8 A lines, 50 kg KCl ha-1 for Long 4 A line and 30 kg KCl ha-1 for all R lines could be applied to adjust the flowering time of parental lines

Abstract

EM technology is based on the use of mixed cultures of beneficial microorganisms as inoculants that can increase the microbial diversity of agricultural soils. Mineral nutrition of cotton, various optimum conditions in soil required for cotton cultivation and the contributions made by several soil microorganisms have been critically reviewed in this experiments. The experimental results indicated that neither seed cotton yield nor soil fertility can be sustained if no action is taken against soil degradation in consecutive cotton cropping at Lungyaw Farm. Application of chemical fertilizers significantly improved cotton yields, but soil fertility deterioration in terms of chemical and physical properties of soil under such farming practices were observed. Applications of EM were found to magnify the positive effects of various soil basal treatments on the seed cotton production and soil fertility under consecutive seed cotton croping at Lungyaw Model Cotton Farm.

Abstract

Abstract

With increasing costs of chemical fertilizers, using organic amendments is an alternative method for the improvement of crop production and soil fertility maintenance. This study aimed to determine the effects of different organic amendments on soybean plant growth and grain yield. The eight treatments were arranged in an RCB design with three replications. Treatments were a combination of chemical fertilizer (16-20-0) 60 kg ha-1and extracts of jatropha 20 cc, chitosan 60 cc and fish waste 40 cc in 20 l of water; chicken manure 3 ton ha-1; jatropha cake 3 and 6 ton ha-1; chemical fertilizer (16-20-0) 180 kg ha-1 and control (no application). The field experiment was conducted at the National Corn and Sorghum Research Center, on a site with Pakchong series soils during the dry season in 2007 (DS) and the wet season in 2008 (WS). In DS, soybean applied with chemical fertilizer produced the highest grain yield (1755 kg ha-1). In WS, however, amendment with 3 ton of jatropha cake substantially increased grain yield (5410.83 kg ha-1) over other treatments, followed by jatropha cake 6 ton (4331.67 kg ha-1) and chemical fertilizer (4190.83 kg ha-1). Other organic extract applications produced similar grain yield production as the control. Key words: organic amendments, jatropha extracts and cake, chitosan extracts, fish waste extracts

Abstract

Pot experiments for two seasons (dry and wet) were carried out in the screen house at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Yezin Agriculture University, Nay Pyi Taw, during 2012 and set on three specific objectives: (1) to evaluate the effect of water regimes and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of hybrid rice; (2) to investigate the water use efficiency of hybrid rice; (3) to develop water management techniques with suitable N levels for hybrid rice (Palethwe-2) production. Three water regimes I1- continuous flooding (CF), I2- alternate wetting and drying (AWD) during the whole cropping season, I3- alternate wetting and drying in the vegetative phase (AWDv), followed by continuous flooding until maturity and four levels of nitrogen application rate (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg N ha-1) were laid out in two factor factorial arrangement in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. In